Italy has taken further steps in restricting civic space. The government’s proposed Security Bill, a controversial legislative package that includes measures restricting the right to protest and expanding police powers, has further damaged the deteriorating civic space in the country. After facing procedural issues in the Senate, the government took the sudden decision to transform the draft bill into a decree, which the Council of Ministers quickly passed on 4 April, bypassing parliament and public scrutiny. It must now be converted into law within 60 days.
The decree has drawn criticism from civil society, trade unions, international organisations, such as the Council of Europe, OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, and the UN, and legal experts for its potential to criminalise peaceful protest, restrict freedom of expression, and undermine democracy. They also highlighted that the majority of the provisions could harm democracy and fundamental freedoms, and have “the potential to undermine the fundamental tenets of criminal justice and the rule of law”. Protesters who block traffic could face years in prison, while acts such as defacing property, already subject to strict penalties under the “Eco-vandalism law”, would face even harsher punishment. The bill poses specific threats to environmental defenders who engage in such nonviolent civil disobedience tactics to press governments to meet their climate change obligations. In addition, it expands the scope of punitive measures against migrants and detainees exercising their right to protest in detention centres and prisons. Civil society, social movements and trade unions quickly mobilised in response, with protests across the country, including a large demonstration in Rome that was heavily policed.
Safeguard civic space by engaging in dialogue with the Italian civil society
The European Commission should engage with Italian authorities and civil society regarding the Security Decree. The Commissioner should publicly express concerns over the impact of the law on civic space, meet with civil society actors in Italy, and open a meaningful space for dialogue. These steps would demonstrate the EU’s commitment to safeguarding fundamental rights, while encouraging national authorities to ensure that any security measures remain fully in line with European and international standards.
